shop online at www.missourivalleyshopper.com November 10, 2015 • Page 9 Rumen Development in Weaned Calves BROOKINGS, S.D. - Proper nutritional management of weaned calves is critical in ensuring optimal health and performance. “It is important to develop weaning rations that will adequately prepare calves for efficient growth and profitability in backgrounding and finishing programs or for a lifetime of productivity in the cow herd,” explained Janna Kincheloe, SDSU Extension Research Associate II. Understanding the digestive physiology of a ruminant animal can provide cattle producers with some insight into how various feedstuffs and rations may impact future production potential. Cattle Physiology 101 Cattle have four compartments in their stomach; a rumen, a reticulum, an omasum and an abomasum. These compartments allow for efficient digestion of fibrous feeds. The rumen is the largest compartment and is where the majority of fermentation takes place with the assistance of billions of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Its microbial population digests fiber components such as cellulose to yield byproducts such as microbial protein and volatile fatty acids (VFA’s). Protein that is digested in the rumen is used to support microbial function and growth, while VFA’s are primarily absorbed and utilized as energy by the animal. When calves are born, their initial digestive processes are similar to simple-stomached animals (monogastrics) such as pigs in order to maximize digestion of milk proteins, fats, and simple sugars, explained Kincheloe. “Rumen development begins within the first several days to weeks after birth, and it is advanced by exposure to bacteria from the environment and consumption of solid feed.” She explained that there are essentially two layers in the rumen; a muscular layer that assists in contraction and mixing of feed, and an epithelial layer that functions in absorption of nutrients. The production of VFA’s from solid feed stimulates development of the epitheli- um, which increases surface area in the rumen. The epithelium elongates into small projections called papillae that increase the absorptive ability of the rumen. “Both hay and grain are important for production of VFA’s and rumen development. Fermentation of starch in grain produces high amounts of the VFA butyrate, which has been shown to play a critical role in formation of papillae, while forage intake promotes muscle development in the rumen and stimulates rumination and saliva production,” Kincheloe said. Weaning rations Researchers at Penn State fed calves various diets based on combinations of milk, hay, and grain, and then harvested calves to evaluate rumen development. A healthy rumen has a dark coloration due to large blood vessels and greater tissue mass. Papillae should be numerous and able to be observed without a microscope. Although producers obviously can’t evaluate rumen development in a production setting, the results of this study provide visible evidence of differences due to feeding various types of diets. “It is important to note that forage intake alone will also result in normal papillae development over time; however, concentrates may stimulate papillae growth to a greater degree than forages early in life,” Kincheloe said. “Utilizing a mix of forage and concentrate will stimulate rumen capacity and development, resulting in a healthy microbial population and optimizing health and performance of weaned calves.” There are a variety of options available for weaning rations depending on the marketing plan and production goals. For normally weaned calves, receiving programs may be based on either forage or concentrate depending on available resources. “If forage quality and availability is high, turning calves back onto pasture several days after weaning is a good option,” she said. “Other programs may utilize a foragebased diet with supplement.” Concentrates that are high in digestible fiber and ? STORIES From Page 5 Clear Lake. The Krause family knew they needed to expand in order to make room for the second generation on their farm. To do this, Laron Krause, while still in high school, partnered with his father, Edwin to raise feeder pigs. He has been involved in the business ever since. In 1997 Laron and four neighbors partnered to form “Supreme Pork.” The 1,650 sow farrow to finish operation has grown to 3,300 sows. As Supreme Pork partners, the Krause’s have 4,800 finishing spaces plus another 2,400-head barn owned by one of the other partners. Manure from the finishing barns fertilizes the corn of their operation. The Krauses also raise soybeans and wheat on their 3,300-acre farm. Laron and his wife, Jolene have two sons, Adam and Brent. The boys attend South Dakota State University and plan to return to the family operation. To accompany now the third generation to return to the farm, the family plans to build a 3,600-head contract nursery for Supreme Pork. Construction will begin spring of 2016 - at the same time that Adam graduates from SDSU. Brent will join one year later. Whether the farm is large or small, SDSU Extension works to provide research-based information to farm families to help them make decisions that will keep them on the farm and help with the transition from one generation to the next. To learn more, visit the iGrow Agronomy community. ?iGrow “WHEN I WAS LOOKING FOR A JOB, I PUT THE CLASSIFIEDS TO WORK!” Our Help Wanted Listings Have Hundreds Of Opportunities For You... • Full-Time • Part-Time • Permanent • Temporary moderate to low in starch such as distiller’s grains, wheat middlings and soybean hulls have been shown to provide adequate gain without the potential management issues associated with starch-based concentrates. A 50-60 percent concentrate ration is typically recommended for normally weaned calves. Good quality grass hay or medium quality alfalfa hay should be fed for the first several days at around 2 percent of body weight, followed by the introduction of concentrate. ?iGrow Boone County HealtH Center Looking for the best deal in town? Check the Has openings for a MT/MLT Full-Time RN Part-Time CLINICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATE CLASSIFIEDS! Full-Time More information about these positions can be found on our website. 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USED TRACTORS 12 MONTH 0% INTEREST WAIVER (A) 2014 CIH Magnum 260, 390 hrs., cab susp., 46” duals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$164,000 (A) 2014 Magnum 260 MFD, 262 hrs., susp. axle . . . . .$169,500 (C) 2014 Magnum 235 MFD, 274 hrs., full guid., . . . . .$169,500 (C) 2014 Magnum 235 MFD, 306 hrs., dlx. cab, 46” duals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$159,500 (C) 2014 CIH Mag 290, 242 hrs., luxury, 46” duals . . . .$195,000 (C) 2013 CIH Mag 235 MFD, 275 hrs., 795 ldr., grapple$174,500 (A) 2012 CASE 721F, wheel loader, 115 hrs., 3 yd. bucket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$160,000 (A) 2012 Challenger MT 765C Tracks, 413 hrs., Topcon$218,000 (A) 2012 Mag 290 MFD, 884 hrs., susp. axle, . . . . . . . .$185,000 (A) 2011 CIH Mag 260, 1,298 hrs., susp. axle, . . . . . . .$150,000 (A) 2011 Mag 340, 788 hrs., duals, 23-spd., susp. axle $198,000 (A) 2011 Mag 340 MFD, 1,171 hrs., susp. axle, 23-spd.$195,000 (A) 2005 MX285 MFD, 3,340 hrs., 46” duals, 12’ dozer blade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$103,000 (A) 2005 CIH MX285 MFD, 3,887 hrs., 46” duals, 5 hyds.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$97,500 (N) 1992 JD 8760 4WD, 3,033 hrs., 42” duals, 3 pt., 3 hyds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$48,500 PLATFORMS/DRAPERS (A) 2013 MacDon FD75, 35’ flex draper, CIH . . . . . . . . . .$56,000 (A) 2012 CIH 3020, 30’, 3” cut, double drive tracker . . . .$24,000 (N) 2011 CIH 3020, 35’, new sickle & guards this year . .$23,000 (A) 2011 CIH 3020, 35’ 3” cut, AHHC sensors, poly skids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$23,000 (A) 2011 CIH 3020, 35’, 3” cut, tracker, single drive . . . .$23,000 (A) 2010 MacDon FD70, 40’ flex draper, CIH . . . . . . . . . .$44,500 (C) 2009 CIH 2020 30’, 3” cut, tracker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$14,000 (A) 2001 CIH 1020, 30’, 3” cut, Crary Air reel . . . . . . . . . .$8,900 PLANTER (A) 2007 CIH 1200, 12 row 30”, pivot tongue, fert., PRO 600 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$50,000 TILLAGE (A) CIH 496 21’ disk, 9” spacing, rear hitch . . . . . . . . . . . .$8,000 (A) CIH 3900 22’ disk, 9” spacing, harrow. . . . . . . . . . . .$11,000 (C) CIH 4800 field cult., 22.5’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$5,500 (C) CIH 3900 disk, 26.5’, 9” spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$12,500 (A) 1997 Sunflower 1433-28’ disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$14,000 (A) 2011 CIH 340 disk, 28’ 9” spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$31,000 (C) 2010 Sunflower 6630 VT, 29’, 7.5” spacing . . . . . . . .$29,500 (A) CIH RMX340 disk, 34’, 9” spacing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$26,000 (A) 2013 Sunflower 6333 combo finisher 37’ . . . . . . . . .$45,000 (C) 2005 CIH TigerMate II, 46.5’, field cult. . . . . . . . . . . .$38,500 HAY EQUIPMENT (A) CIH RBX564 Round Baler, 5000 bales, net+twine . . .$21,000 (C) 2003 MacDon 5020 14’ Mower Cond., 540 PTO . . . .$11,000 (C) 2008 CIH RB564 Baler, 1000 PTO, net+twine, endless belt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$15,500 (C) 1999 CIH SC416 Mo-Co, 16’, rubber on rubber, float tires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$7,500 (A) Vermeer R23A twin rake, good condition, shedded . . .$8,500 FEED WAGONS (N) 2010 Farm Aid 430, 5’ LH discharge, scale, 540 PTO $18,500 (A) 2010 Farm Aid 340, 5’ RH discharge, 540 PTO, scale $19,500 (N) Farm Aid 340, 540 PTO, scale, very nice . . . . . . . . . .$15,000 (A) Van Dale, 4 auger mixer, scale, LH discharge . . . . . . .$3,500 A-ALBION COMBINES 0% FOR 48 MONTHS (A) 2014 CIH 6130, 195 hrs., Pro 600, 42” duals, sidehill . . CALL (C) 2013 CIH 7130, 439 hrs., 42” duals, corn/bean, nice. . . CALL (A) 2013 CIH 7130, 303 hrs., 42” duals, auto guide ready. . CALL (A) 2013 CIH 8230, 397 hrs., tracker, rock trap, 42” duals . CALL (A) 2013 CIH 7230, 200 hrs., 42” duals, auto guide, loaded CALL (A) 2012 CIH 7130, 308 hrs., 2 spd., auto guide, 42” duals CALL (A) 2011 CIH 7088, 523 hrs., 42” duals, Pro 600, guidance ready . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CALL (N) 2010 CIH 6088, 560 hrs., 42” duals, Pro 600 . . . . . . . . CALL (A) 2010 CIH 7120, 883 hrs., 42” duals, Pro 600, guidance ready . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CALL (N) 2010 CIH 8120 Combine, 873 sep. hrs., auto guide ready . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CALL (C) 2009 CIH 7120, 1,009 hrs., 42” duals, auto guide trkr. . CALL (A) 2007 CIH 2588, 792 sep. hrs., 42” duals, Nice! . . . . . . . CALL (C) 2007 CIH 8010, 1,464 sep. hrs., 42” duals, PRO 600 . . CALL (A) 1994 CIH 1688, 4,815 hrs., 38” duals, AFS yield & map CALL CORN HEADS (N) 2013 CIH 3408, 8-row 30”, AHHC, tracker, hyd. deck$32,000 (C) 2013 CIH 3408, 8-row 30”, knife rolls, hyd. deck, trkr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$35,000 (A) CIH 3408, 8-row 30”, hyd. deck, tracker . . . . . . . . . .$35,000 (A) 2012 CIH 3412, 12-row 30”, hyd. deck, tracker . . . . .$45,000 (N) 2011 CIH 3408, 8-row 30”, AHHC, tracker, hyd. deck$29,500 (N) 2011 CIH 3408, 8-row 30”, tracker, hyd. deck . . . . . .$32,000 (A) 2011 CIH 3408, 8-row 30”, hyd. deck plates, tracker.$29,500 (C) 2009 CIH 3408, 8-row 30”, tracker, hyd. deck . . . . . .$28,500 (A) 2008 CIH 3412, 12-row 30”, knife rolls, head sight . .$40,000 (N) 2004 CIH 2208, 8-row 30”, chains & sprokets ok . . .$15,000 (A) CIH 3212 12-row 30”, tracker, knife rolls. . . . . . . . . .$32,000 MISCELLANEOUS (A) 2014 Land Pride RCF3610, 3 pt., 10’ cutter . . . . . . . . .$6,000 (A) 2014 Land Pride RCD1884, 3 pt., 7’ cutter . . . . . . . . .$2,800 (N) 2014 Buffalo 5540-12’ Scraper, tilt cyl., like new. . . . .$7,500 (A) A & L 650T grain cart, 1000 PTO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,000 (A) B & B 25’ head cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,850 (N) Command 12’ Feed Yard Scraper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$1,000 (A) H1082 Auger, 10”x82’, swing hopper . . . . . . . . . . . . .$7,000 (A) 2012 Harvest Int’l, H1372 Auger, 13”x72’, swing hopper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$13,000 (A) B & B 40’ tandem axle header cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$4,250 (N) Peck 10x66 Auger, 540 PTO, good flighting . . . . . . . .$3,500 SKIDSTEERS (C) 2013 JCB 300T, tracks, 460 hrs., heat, AC, 84” bucket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$54,500 (A) 2013 Bobcat S630, 554 hrs., heat, AC, 2 spd., 74” bucket. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$31,500 (A) 2013 Bobcat S570, 94 hrs., cab, heat, 2 spd., 68” bucket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$29,500 (C) 2012 T190 Bobcat, tracks, 780 hrs., air/heat, cab, ACS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$33,000 (A) 2007 Bobcat S185, 570 hrs., cab w/heat . . . . . . . . . .$21,500 (N) 2003 Bobcat S175, 2,488 hrs., ACS, 66” bucket . . . .$18,500 (A) Bobcat S590, 166 hrs., cab, heat, 2 spd., 68” bucket $30,000 (A) Bobcat 88” snow & light material bucket, like new . . . . $800 CENTER PIVOT (A) 2002 Lindsay Gen 2 Zimmatic, 1300’, good condition. . . . . . .CALL (A) T&L, 8 Tower, 1300’, good condition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .CALL C-CROFTON KAYTON International, Inc. N-NELIGH AFTER HOURS PARTS PHONE ALBION 402-741-0055 CROFTON 605-660-6175 NELIGH 402-929-0120 Web Site: www.kaytonint.com 319 Walnut • Yankton, SD 605.665.5884 2630 State Hwy. 14, Albion • 402-395-2181 • 800-248-2215 1211 W. 2nd, Crofton • 402-388-4375 • 800-798-4376 West Hwy. 275, Neligh • 402-887-4118 • 800-247-4718 Financing Available W.A.C. ©2008 CNH America LLC. All rights reserved. Case IH and CNH Capital are registered trademarks of CNH America LLC.