MVS_0303_A2.pdf
March 3, 2015 • Page 2
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Researchers Identify Cover Crops To
Lure Deer Away From Livestock Feed
When Steve and Dud got
up to go get a paper, it left
just Doc and Bert sitting at
the philosophy counter of the
Mule Barn truck stop. Bert
turned his head and smirked
a little, being careful not to let
Doc see him. Doc also didn’t
see Dud outside, punching in
a number on his cell phone
while Steve stood by as a
cheerleader.
“Doc,” said Loretta, filling
the coffee cups, “phone call
for you, Hon.”
“Here? Okay…” Doc
walked over to the cash register and picked up the phone.
“This here Doc?” said the
caller. “The Doc what lost his
squirrel?”
“Uh …” Doc looked
around for help. There was
none. “Yes. Yes it is.”
“Found your dang squirrel
here, Doc. That reward thing
still good?”
“Well … yes.”
“Five dollars and a quarter, right? Now is that cash
or check? I don’t take no
checks.”
Doc is looking all around
and looks wilderness-type
lost. “Cash I guess.”
“Only thing is, Doc.
Need to be sure this is your
squirrel, right? So can you
describe him for me?”
“He’s … gray.”
“All gray squirrels are
gray, now, ain’t that right?
How about any distinguishing
marks? Tattoos?”
“No tattoos.”
“So far so good. Now you
said in the ad his name is
Chipper. Well, I called him
Chipper and the son of a gun
bit me.”
“He did?”
“What I mean to ask here,
Doc, is … did you and your
squirrel get along? No squir-
BROOKINGS — Fall
cover crops, such as
clover, turnips and peas,
can provide nutrientrich winter forage and
help lure hungry deer
rel problems? He looks like he
away from hay and other
needs a square meal to me.
stored livestock feed,
You feed him good?”
according to Distinguished
“What?”
“You know … like Squirrel Professor Jonathan Jenks
Chow free choice, or did you of the South Dakota State
put him on a nut ration? I
University Department
mean, he ate like there was
of Natural Resource
no tomorrow. Dang near ate
Management.
up the whole five dollars and
The Agricultural
a quarter reward money in
Experiment Station
squirrel food.”
researcher and graduate
Steve and Dud walked
back into the café, then, with student Troy Wieberg are
the cell phone still at Dud’s
identifying which cover
ear, and the laughing began.
crops are more likely to
“You were right all along,
attract deer through a
Doc,” said Bert. “In winter,
three-year grant for nearly
everyone can use a good
$90,000 from the Federal
hoax.”
Aid to Wildlife Restoration,
Doc bought the coffee.
administered by South
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Cover crops, planted in
August or September,
must have sufficient fall
moisture, which made
eastern South Dakota
an ideal location for the
experiment, according to
Kevin Robling, big game
biologist for the South
Dakota Department of
Game, Fish and Parks.
In addition, “this area
has the potential to
experience lots of issues
with depredation during
severe winters.”
Though some
landowners have
experimented with cover
crops, such as turnips, on
their own, this is the first
controlled experiment,
according to Jenks.
“We’re looking at
preference and nutritional
characteristics,” he
pointed out.
Selecting cover crops
For the research
project, Jenks and Wieberg
planted six cover crops —
purple top turnips, Daikon
radishes, Austrian winter
peas, winter rye, chicory
and crimson clover — at
the Wildlife and Fisheries
Sciences Research Facility.
The deer are then allowed
to forage on the crops.
Preliminary results
showed that turnips and
radishes are the top two
choices followed by peas,
according to Jenks.
“These provide
high crude protein
and moderate to high
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digestibility.”
Preventing
depredation, reducing
density
“The leading covariant
that will dictate
the amount of deer
depredation on an annual
basis is the severity of
the winter,” according
Robling.
“We’re coming off years
of peak harvest and peak
population,” Robling said,
noting high deer numbers
from 2007 through 2011.
However, a
combination of factors
including liberal antlerless
harvest, disease and
severe winters has
reduced the population
below management
objectives, he explained.
“We’re trying to
grow our herds in most
management areas with
very few units across
the state at or above
management objectives,”
Robling said.
The majority of the
issues occur when large
herds, upward of 100 to
200 individuals, go into
yards and eat stored
livestock feed, especially
hay and distiller grains,
according to Robling.
However, “whether it’s
10 or 100, we still can
experience depredation.”
Cover crops are an
indirect way of possibly
preventing depredation
and redistributing deer
densities, he explained.
Once researchers identify
the most palatable forage
types, the Department of
Game, Fish and Parks may
plant crops to attract deer
to state-owned lands that
are open to public hunting
and potentially lure deer
away from areas where
they may cause problems.
He estimated that no-till
drills could handle crops,
such as sorghum and
rye, and radishes can be
sown using a broadcast
spreader on the back of
a four-wheeler and then
worked in with a drag.
“We’re not talking
about large tracts,”
Robling said, with most
cover plots in the range of
three to five acres. “Deer
are going to go for the
candy bar and we’re trying
to provide that.”
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The following described farmland located in Yankton County,
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