033115_YKMV_A10.pdf
March 31, 2015 • Page 10
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Grass Tetany: When to Prepare
BROOKINGS, S.D. - Although
it is still mid-March, the
temperatures in South
Dakota have been relatively
warm and a few of the cool
season grasses are beginning
to green-up sooner than we
expected. With that green-up
and cows lactating heavily
comes the concern of grass
tetany, said Adele Harty,
SDSU Extension Cow/Calf
Field Specialist.
Grass tetany is a metabolic
disorder associated with
lush pastures due to low
concentrations of blood
magnesium, which results
in nerve impulse failure in
animals. “With adequate
moisture and warm
temperatures, grasses begin
to grow rapidly. The concern
of grass tetany isn’t normally
seen until May, but taking
steps to prevent it today will
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run,” Harty said.
How to prevent
grass tetany
To ensure the proper
management practices are
in place to prevent grass
tetany, Harty said livestock
producers need first to
understand the factors
which play a role in it. These
include:
• ow magnesium (Mg)
L
content of rapidly growing
grasses and pastures
• igh potassium (K) content
H
of rapidly growing grasses
and pastures
• igh crude protein content
H
of grasses and pastures
• ad weather, storms,
B
stress, etc., that cause
cattle to be “off feed” for
24-48 hours
• actation: losses of Mg and
L
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calcium (Ca) in milk
• arious combinations of
V
the above factors resulting
in low blood Mg or Ca.
“The key to prevention is
to be proactive,” Harty said.
“Measures should be taken
to minimize risks associated
with cows grazing lush
pastures.” One long term
approach she suggested
is to incorporate more
legumes into pasture mixes.
“Legumes have higher
levels of magnesium and
calcium than do immature
grasses resulting in a better
balance across the pasture,”
Harty said. If possible, she
recommended that livestock
producers delay the turnout date into lush pastures
until plants are 4 to 6 inches
tall. “This will reduce the
occurrence of tetany, in
addition to giving stressed
pastures a little more time to
rest,” she said. “The reality
is that many producers need
to utilize pastures when
grasses begin to green-up
and the risk of tetany is
most prevalent.” If delayed
grazing is not an option,
other management tools
should be utilized.
First, Harty said to always
provide a high magnesium
(Mg) mineral supplement or
mineral mix containing at
least 8-12 percent Mg. “This
needs to be provided two to
three weeks prior to turn-out
or before tetany is likely to
occur,” she said. Palatability
and adequate intake can
be challenging, resulting
in some of the animals
consuming inadequate
amounts of the mineral on
a daily basis. “Make sure
all animals have access to
the mineral supplement
prior to, and while grazing,
tetany-prone pastures, as
this will help decrease the
occurrence,” Harty said.
Another potential tool
is to provide hay while
cattle are on lush pastures;
however, cattle are not likely
to eat hay unless they are
forced. “Dry forages can act
as carriers to provide the
animals additional Mg and
Ca at critical times,” Harty
said. If the drinking water
source can be controlled
(i.e., water tanks), soluble
Mg salts may be added to
the water. Some examples
of soluble Mg salts are
magnesium acetate,
magnesium chloride, and
magnesium sulfate (Epsom
n tetany, Page 11
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